TEP与改良Kugel术治疗双侧腹股沟疝的临床效果

目的分析比较TEP与改良Kugel术治疗双侧腹股沟疝的临床效果及患者生活质量。 方法选取2012年1月至2017年1月在上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院接受手术治疗双侧腹股沟疝患者157例。按照手术方式分为腹腔镜组（TEP组）和开放组（改良Kugel）组。其中，TEP组71例，改良Kugel组86例。分析比较包括2组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后并发症、术后早期疼痛、慢性疼痛、复发情况和生活质量。采用SPSS 20.0统计学软件进行数据分析。 结果TEP组手术时间（93.5±10.9）min，改良Kugel组（102.6±9.8）min，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。TEP组住院时间（1.05±0.21）d，改良Kugel组（1.52±0.69）d，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。TEP组术中出血量（22.1±7.1）ml，改良Kugel组（23.4±6.8）ml，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。TEP组术后恢复正常活动时间（8.67±2.32）d，改良Kugel组（9.14±2.40）d，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。TEP组术后并发症5（7%），改良Kugel组10例（11.6%），差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。并发症患者中身体质量指数>27 kg/m²，TEP组1例（20%），改良Kugel组6例（60%），差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。TEP组慢性疼痛3例（4.2%），改良Kugel组14例（16%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。截止至随访结束，TEP组术后复发0例，改良Kugel组术后复发1例，占约1%；2组无明显差异（P>0.05）。术后1及7 d，2组疼痛视觉模拟评分比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；术前、术后及12个月比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术前、术后1、2、6及12个月2组生活质量量表评分比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论通过TEP治疗双侧腹股沟疝能有效地减少患者的手术时间、住院时间、术后疼痛。     

一测多评法同时测定不同采收期杜仲叶中4种黄酮

目的建立一测多评法同时测定不同采收期杜仲叶中槲皮素-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷、芦丁、异槲皮苷和紫云英苷的含有量。方法杜仲叶50%甲醇提取物的分析采用Thermo BDS HYPERSIL C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱;体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长360 nm。以槲皮素-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷为内标,计算芦丁、异槲皮苷、紫云英苷的相对校正因子,计算其他3种成分的相对校正因子,再测定其含有量。结果槲皮素-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯糖-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷、芦丁、异槲皮苷、紫云英苷分别在5.37~161.00(r=0.999 9)、0.43~12.84(r=0.999 9)、1.58~47.33(r=0.999 8)、0.42~12.65(r=0.999 7)μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率分别为97.27%、96.10%、95.30%、96.72%,RSD分别为1.90%、1.12%、1.07%、1.37%。一测多评法所得结果接近于外标法。结论该方法准确稳定,重复性好,可用于杜仲叶的质量控制。     

左归降糖解郁方对糖尿病并发抑郁症大鼠海马胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的研究左归降糖解郁方对糖尿病并发抑郁症大鼠海马胰岛素抵抗的调节作用。方法建立糖尿病并发抑郁症大鼠模型,并随机分为4组,模型组,阳性药组(二甲双胍0.18 g/kg+氟西汀1.8 mg/kg),左归降糖解郁方高、低剂量组(20.52、10.26g/kg),另设健康大鼠为对照组。各组大鼠ig给药28 d后,采用血糖仪及ELISA法检测空腹血糖及外周胰岛素抵抗程度。采用旷野实验和强迫游泳实验检测大鼠抑郁样行为。采用免疫荧光法和Western blotting法检测大鼠海马胰岛素受体磷酸化蛋白(p-IR)、磷酸化的胰岛素受体底物-1(p-IRS-1)的表达,采用Westernblotting法检测海马磷酸化的磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(p-PI3K)、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)蛋白的表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠血糖显著升高并伴随明显的外周胰岛素抵抗,其在旷野实验中的活动次数显著降低、在强迫游泳实验中的不动时间显著延长;蛋白检测结果表明大鼠脑内p-IR、p-IRS-1、p-PI3K、p-Akt表达水平均显著降低。与模型组比较,左归降糖解郁方高剂量组大鼠血糖水平显著降低,外周胰岛素抵抗水平减轻,其在旷野实验中的活动次数显著增加、在强迫游泳实验中的不动时间显著缩短,而海马内p-IR、p-IRS-1、p-PI3K、p-Akt表达显著升高。结论左归降糖解郁方可有效调节糖尿病并发抑郁症大鼠海马胰岛素信号通路,从而改善动物脑内的胰岛素抵抗状态。     

儿童经皮动脉导管介入封堵术后血小板快速减少的临床分析

目的探讨经皮动脉导管介入封堵术后血小板快速减少的临床特点、发病机制和防治措施。方法选择2017年1月至2018年12月青岛市妇女儿童医院心脏中心共实施经皮动脉导管介入封堵手术121例,其中6例术后发生血小板快速减少,回顾分析其相关临床资料,总结血小板快速减少发生的危险因素、临床特点、可能机制和防治措施。结果6例患儿血小板减少发生时间为术后第3-5天,血小板下降最低值为19×109/L,血小板恢复时间为术后7~20 d。造影测量动脉导管内径为4.0~4.5 mm,4例选用美国AGA公司生产规格9-PDA-0810堵闭器,2例选用上海形状记忆公司生产规格0810PDA堵闭器。骨髓学检查提示3例患儿骨髓产板型巨核细胞减少,免疫治疗后恢复良好。所有患儿血小板计数在出院时恢复正常。出院随访6~14个月,所有患儿血小板计数维持正常。结论经皮动脉导管介入封堵术后需警惕血小板快速减少,多无严重并发症发生,预后良好,免疫机制可能参与其中,需进一步研究。     

灯盏生脉胶囊联合盐酸多奈哌齐治疗阿尔茨海默病的临床研究

目的 观察灯盏生脉胶囊联合盐酸多奈哌齐对阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能、日常生活能力及安全性的影响。方法 将98例阿尔茨海默病患者随机分为治疗组与对照组各49例; 对照组给予每日口服盐酸多奈哌齐5 mg/次,1次/d,治疗组在对照组的基础上口服灯盏生脉胶囊0.36 g/次,3次/d; 比较2组患者治疗前与治疗3、6月后认知功能评分(MMSE、ADAS-cog)、日常生活能力评分(ADAS-ADL)、血清一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)水平及不良反应发生率。结果 治疗6月后治疗组MMSE评分为(21.85±2.58)分,对照组为(20.48±2.23)分(P<0.05); 治疗3、6月后治疗组ADAS-cog评分为(45.48±5.94)、(41.57±5.10)分,对照组为(48.69±6.23)、(414.24±5.53)分(P<0.05); 治疗3、6月后治疗组ADAS-ADL评分为(43.91±4.25)、(47.57±3.86),对照组为(41.77±4.44)分、(44.46±5.18)分(P<0.05); 治疗3、6月后治疗组NO水平为(41.95±7.62)、(37.89±5.93)μmol/L,对照组为(45.28±6.68)、(41.55±7.92)μmol/L(P<0.05); 治疗3、6月后治疗组ET水平为(140.48±22.94)、(132.04±10.08)ng/L,对照组为(152.08±17.39)、(143.91±17.60)ng/L(P<0.05); 2组药物不良反应主要有恶心、失眠、头痛、乏力、头晕、腹泻、皮疹,治疗组和对照组药物不良反应发生率分别为20.41%和14.28%(P>0.05)。结论 灯盏生脉胶囊联合盐酸多奈哌齐可提高阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能及日常生活能力,减少神经毒性物质NO、ET的生成,且安全性较好     

α-突触核蛋白聚集及传播模型的构建

目的 建立α-突触核蛋白(α-synuclein,α-syn)聚集及传播的细胞和动物模型,为帕金森病的发病机制研究提供基础。方法 亲和层析法纯化α-syn蛋白,体外诱导其聚集成为α-syn纤维(Preformed fibrils,PFFs); 培养稳定表达GFP-α-syn的HEK293细胞系及原代神经元,转导α-synPFFs后免疫荧光染色法观察细胞内α-syn聚集情况; 小鼠立体定位注射α-syn PFFs,免疫组织化学法检测内源性α-syn的聚集及传播情况。结果 纯化的α-syn可在体外聚集形成聚集体; 在细胞及动物水平观察到α-syn PFFs可诱导内源性蛋白的聚集和传播。结论 本研究建立了α-syn聚集及传播的细胞和动物模型,为帕金森病的相关研究打下了基础。     

Placebo response rates and potential modifiers in double-blind randomized controlled trials of second and newer generation antidepressants for major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis

Children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) appear to be more responsive to placebo than adults in randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) of second and newer generation antidepressants (SNG-AD). Previous meta-analyses obtained conflicting results regarding modifiers. We aimed to conduct a meta-analytical evaluation of placebo response rates based on both clinician-rating and self-rating scales. Based on the most recent and comprehensive study on adult data, we tested whether the placebo response rates in children and adolescents with MDD also increase with study duration and number of study sites. We searched systematically for published RCTs of SNG-AD in children and/or adolescents (last update: September 2017) in public domain electronic databases and additionally for documented studies in clinical trial databases. The log-transformed odds of placebo response were meta-analytically analyzed. The primary and secondary outcomes were placebo response rates at the end of treatment based on clinician-rating and self-rating scales, respectively. To examine the impact of study duration and number of study sites on placebo response rates, we performed simple meta-regression analyses. We selected other potential modifiers of placebo response based on significance in at least one previous pediatric meta-analysis and on theoretical considerations to perform explorative analyses. We applied sensitivity analyses with placebo response rates closest to week 8 to compare our data with those reported for adults. We identified 24 placebo-controlled trials (2229 patients in the placebo arms). The clinician-rated placebo response rates ranged from 22 to 62% with a pooled response rate of 45% (95% CI 41–50%). The number of study sites was a significant modifier in the simple meta-regression analysis [odds ratio (OR) 1.01, 95% CI 1.01–1.02, p = 0.0003, k = 24) with more study sites linked to a higher placebo response. Study duration was not significantly associated with the placebo response rate. The explorative simple analyses revealed that publication year may be an additional modifier. However, in the explorative multivariable analysis including the number of study sites and the publication year only the number of study sites reached a p value ≤ 0.05. The self-rated placebo response rates ranged from 1 to 68% with a pooled response rate of 26% (95% CI 10–54%) (k = 6; n = 396). This meta-analysis confirms a high pooled placebo response rate in children and adolescents based on clinician ratings, which exceeds that observed in the most recent meta-analysis of placebo effects in adults (36%; 95% CI 35–37%) published in 2016. However, and similar to findings in adults, the pooled response rates based on self-ratings were substantially lower. In accordance with previous meta-analyses, we corroborated the number of study sites as significant modifier. In comparison to the recent adult meta-analysis, the substantially lower number of pediatric studies entails a reduced power to detect modifiers. Future studies should provide more precise and homogenous information to support discovery of potential modifiers and consider no-treatment—if ethically permissible—to allow differentiation between placebo and spontaneous remission rates. If these differ, practicing clinicians should facilitate placebo effects as an addition to the verum effect to maximize benefits. Further research is required to explain the discrepant response rates between clinician and self-ratings.     

Epigallocatechin Gallate Mitigates the Methamphetamine-Induced Striatal Dopamine Terminal Toxicity by Preventing Oxidative Stress in the Mouse Brain

Methamphetamine (METH) is a popular psychostimulant due to its long-lasting effects and inexpensive production. METH intoxication is known to increase oxidative stress leading to neuronal damage. Thus, preventing the METH-induced oxidative stress can potentially mitigate neuronal damage. Previously, our laboratory found that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a strong antioxidant found in green tea, can protect against the METH-induced apoptosis and dopamine terminal toxicity in the striatum of mice. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-oxidative properties of EGCG on the METH-induced oxidative stress using CD-1 mice. First, we demonstrated that mice pretreated with EGCG 30 min prior to the METH injection (30 mg/kg, ip) showed protection against the striatal METH-induced reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase without mitigating hyperthermia. In addition, injecting a single high dose of METH caused the reduction of striatal glutathione peroxidase activity at 24 h after the METH injection. Interestingly, pretreatment with EGCG 30 min prior to the METH injection prevented the METH-induced reduction of glutathione peroxidase activity. Moreover, we utilized Western blots to quantify the glutathione peroxidase 4 protein level in the striatum. The results showed that METH decreased striatal glutathione peroxidase 4 protein level, and the reduction was prevented by EGCG pretreatment. Finally, we observed that the METH-induced increase of striatal catalase and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase protein levels were also attenuated by pretreatment with EGCG. Taken together, our data indicate that EGCG is an effective agent that can be used to mitigate the METH-induced striatal toxicity in the mouse brain.